During the Covid pandemic, starting in August 2020 and ending in November 2021 with the publication of our results, I collaborated remotely via Zoom with three other philosophers on a project investigating how the use of formal methods (i.e., methods involving symbolic notation and special techniques for reasoning and calculating) has been changing in philosophy.  We found an increased use of probabilistic methods alongside a stable use of logical methods.  To arrive at this conclusion, we gathered roughly 900 articles from two different ranges of years from the journal Philosophical Studies to form our sample.  After an initial screening process using a team of undergraduates at the University of Minnesota, the four of us researchers classified and coded the articles that passed the screening process.  Statistical results were computed and an article with our conclusions was written collaboratively (using the Overleaf online LaTeX editor) and published.

Besides proficiency in logic, all four of us researchers had expertise in either statistics or data science.  I brought my developing data science skills to the mix.  So, in addition to providing input on the design of the project and contributing an equal share to article classification and coding, my special contributions to the project were the following:

• Taking primary responsibility for data management, data cleaning, and data wrangling (using Python in a Jupyter notebook with numpy and pandas)

• Creating three tables and, alongside Joshua Knobe, all but the first of the data visualizations that appear in the paper (using Python's matplotlib and seaborn libraries as well as R's ggplot)

• Writing substantial portions of three sections of the paper (the sections: “Classification process," “Classification resolution and final data set," and “Results”)